In a surprising twist, scientists have found a silver lining for coral reefs during El Niño events. These weather patterns, which cause warmer ocean temperatures, have usually been bad news for corals. However, new research shows that under certain conditions, El Niño might actually help some reefs survive.
El Niño events have a history of causing significant harm to coral reefs, leading to mass bleaching events. When corals get stressed from too much heat, they expel the algae they rely on for food. This causes them to turn white or “bleach.” If they stay stressed for too long, they can die. The El Niño event from 2015 to 2016 caused one of the worst coral bleaching events on record, with about 30% of the world’s corals dying off.
But here’s the surprising part. During this same 2015-2016 El Niño, scientists noticed that the coral reefs around the Central Pacific island of Palmyra didn’t suffer as much damage. This led them to uncover some interesting findings. During El Niño, a big ocean current known as the North Equatorial Counter Current gets stronger. This current brings cooler, food-rich waters to the corals, helping them deal with the heat stress.
In other words, while El Niño heats up the ocean surface, it also stirs up deeper, cooler waters, which can be a lifesaver for some coral reefs. The scientists found that this helpful process has also occurred during other major El Niño events in the past 50 years.
This discovery has exciting implications. It suggests that other coral reefs influenced by similar ocean currents might also be able to withstand the impacts of El Niño. The findings could provide a map for identifying such resilient reefs, which could be vital information for those planning marine protected areas or future conservation efforts.
This promising study was a collaborative effort involving researchers from around the world, including the U.S., the U.K., and Saudi Arabia. They plan to continue their research and extend their studies to other areas, like the Red Sea, in their quest to better understand how to help reefs survive climate change.
So, in a nutshell: while El Niño events can cause harm to many coral reefs, some reefs might actually get a helping hand from these weather patterns, thanks to the cooler, food-rich waters that come their way. This newfound understanding might just give us a fighting chance to protect and conserve our precious coral reefs in the face of climate change.
Source: Science Advances
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